Common Cold:
Causes:
The common cold is caused by specific viruses, but new viruses something make an appearance.
These common cold-causing viruses are:
Current Treatments:
There is currently not a vaccine that will cure you from the common cold. If you have contracted a cold, you can treat it by:
The prevent getting a cold, you can exercise preventive measures like:
Possible Solutions:
Vaccines for colds could be created by genetically modifying current cold viruses and engineering vaccines for those variations, so that if that variation of the virus were to become prevalent, a vaccine would already be created for it.
Polio:
Causes:
Polio virus destroys nerve cells in spinal cord
Spreads through contaminated food or water or contact with an infected person
Develop paralysis which can be fatal at times
Also spread through fecal matter
{between 1988 and 2012, polio cases dropped from 350,000 to 223}
Current Treatments:
Preventable vaccine
Naproxen (Aleve)
Aspirin (Ecotrin)
Ibuprofen (Advil)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Possible Solutions:
To help prevent: bed rest, hygiene, physical therapy
Nanopatch
injection of hypotonic salt solution
Cancer:
Causes:
Cancer is caused by mutations in cells this can be amplified with the use of tobacco, radiation, genetics, and UV exposure.
Current treatment:
Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiation therapy
Possible Solutions:
The current solutions are to remove the cancer, use chemotherapy which stops cell division and kills cells, or use radiation therapy to use beams to kill cancerous cells. These are some of the only ones available because they are able to kill specific cells. This can only be improved by eliminating the factor of accidentally killing regular cells.
Schizophrenia Timeline
Biologic treatments:
- its treatments primarily comprise medications that target the abnormalities in the brain
- conventional antipsychotics
- binds to dopamine receptors, but do not stimulate them, blocks them
- atypical antipsychotics
- aim: less side effects
- only blocks dopamine temporarily, then return to normal
- antidepressant medications
- electroconvulsive therapy
- seizure in patients reduced symptoms
- usually 3-15 treatments
Gene Therapy treatments:
- researchers have identified a gene regulator that could help faulty brain functions
- miRNA (microRNA)= noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate activity of hundreds of genes
- unclear how genetic variations impact miRNA 137
- abnormal levels of miRNA-137 impact cellular function
- in reprogrammed neurons from human fibroblasts of diseased patients microRNA-137 was
Increased
- down regulating miRNA 137 improves synaptic transmissions in neurons
- drug abuse or stress can alter miRNA 137 levels
- avoiding an unhealthy lifestyle or drugs in a critical phase of brain development might prevent disease onset
Antibodies treatments:
-Antibody treatments are highly unlikely to be productive due to the fact that in some cases schizophrenia may be partially caused by antibodies in some cases. This is due to the fact that antibodies
Drug Delivery System:
- Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
- The way the drug is dissolved into the body doesn’t matter but how frequent the drug must be taken might need to be changed based off how intense the schizophrenia affects the person.
Vaccine treatment:
- new drug is called paliperidone palmitate. It's an injectable form of the second-generation, or "atypical," antipsychotic medication Invega.
- one shot a month
- most common side effects were weight gain and stomach flu
Current treatments:
Old Generation Treatment
-chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
-fluphenazine (Prolixin)
-haloperidol (Haldol)
-loxapine (Loxapine)
-perphenazine (Trilafon)
-thioridazine (Mellaril)
-trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
-These drugs have become known as "neuroleptics" (meaning "take the neuron") although effective in treating positive symptoms (symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, loose associations, ambivalence, or emotional lability), they can cause cognitive dulling and involuntary movements, among other side effects. These older medications also are not so effective against so-called negative symptoms such as apathy, decreased motivation, and lack of emotional expressiveness.
New Generation Treatment
-clozapine (Clozaril)
-The first of the new generation, clozapine (Clozaril) is the only drug that has been shown to be effective where other antipsychotics have failed. It is less strongly linked with the side effects mentioned above, but it can produce other side effects, including weight gain, changes in blood sugar and cholesterol, and possible decrease in the number of infection-fighting white blood cells. Blood counts need to be monitored every week during the first six months of treatment and then every two weeks and eventually once a month indefinitely in order to catch this side effect early if it occurs.
Short Term Schizophrenia Drugs
-aripiprazole (Abilify)
-aripiprazole lauroxil (Aristada),
-asenapine (Saphris)
-rexpiprazole (Rexulti)
-cariprazine (Vraylar)
-lurasidone (Latuda)
-paliperidone(InvegaInvega Sustenna, Invega Trinza)
-paliperidone palmitate (Invega Trinza)
-quetiapine (Seroquel)
-risperidone (Risperdal or Risperdal Consta)
-olanzapine (Zyprexa)
-ziprasidone (Geodon).
-The use of all of these medications has allowed successful treatment to short term schizophrenia/acute schizophrenia.
Causes:
The common cold is caused by specific viruses, but new viruses something make an appearance.
These common cold-causing viruses are:
- Rhinovirus - causes about 40% of colds
- Coronavirus - causes about 20% of colds
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - causes about 10% of colds
- Parainfluenza - causes about 10% of colds
- The other 20% is caused by random viruses
Current Treatments:
There is currently not a vaccine that will cure you from the common cold. If you have contracted a cold, you can treat it by:
- Taking pills such as Tylenol, Ibuprofen, Aspirin to soothe aches or pains
- Using decongestants such as pseudoephedrine pills or nasal sprays
The prevent getting a cold, you can exercise preventive measures like:
- Avoid touching commonly touched surfaces (such as railings, door
- Wash your hands as much as possible
- Avoid touching your face
Possible Solutions:
Vaccines for colds could be created by genetically modifying current cold viruses and engineering vaccines for those variations, so that if that variation of the virus were to become prevalent, a vaccine would already be created for it.
Polio:
Causes:
Polio virus destroys nerve cells in spinal cord
Spreads through contaminated food or water or contact with an infected person
Develop paralysis which can be fatal at times
Also spread through fecal matter
{between 1988 and 2012, polio cases dropped from 350,000 to 223}
Current Treatments:
Preventable vaccine
Naproxen (Aleve)
Aspirin (Ecotrin)
Ibuprofen (Advil)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Possible Solutions:
To help prevent: bed rest, hygiene, physical therapy
Nanopatch
injection of hypotonic salt solution
Cancer:
Causes:
Cancer is caused by mutations in cells this can be amplified with the use of tobacco, radiation, genetics, and UV exposure.
Current treatment:
Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiation therapy
Possible Solutions:
The current solutions are to remove the cancer, use chemotherapy which stops cell division and kills cells, or use radiation therapy to use beams to kill cancerous cells. These are some of the only ones available because they are able to kill specific cells. This can only be improved by eliminating the factor of accidentally killing regular cells.
Schizophrenia Timeline
Biologic treatments:
- its treatments primarily comprise medications that target the abnormalities in the brain
- conventional antipsychotics
- binds to dopamine receptors, but do not stimulate them, blocks them
- atypical antipsychotics
- aim: less side effects
- only blocks dopamine temporarily, then return to normal
- antidepressant medications
- electroconvulsive therapy
- seizure in patients reduced symptoms
- usually 3-15 treatments
Gene Therapy treatments:
- researchers have identified a gene regulator that could help faulty brain functions
- miRNA (microRNA)= noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate activity of hundreds of genes
- unclear how genetic variations impact miRNA 137
- abnormal levels of miRNA-137 impact cellular function
- in reprogrammed neurons from human fibroblasts of diseased patients microRNA-137 was
Increased
- down regulating miRNA 137 improves synaptic transmissions in neurons
- drug abuse or stress can alter miRNA 137 levels
- avoiding an unhealthy lifestyle or drugs in a critical phase of brain development might prevent disease onset
Antibodies treatments:
-Antibody treatments are highly unlikely to be productive due to the fact that in some cases schizophrenia may be partially caused by antibodies in some cases. This is due to the fact that antibodies
Drug Delivery System:
- Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
- The way the drug is dissolved into the body doesn’t matter but how frequent the drug must be taken might need to be changed based off how intense the schizophrenia affects the person.
Vaccine treatment:
- new drug is called paliperidone palmitate. It's an injectable form of the second-generation, or "atypical," antipsychotic medication Invega.
- one shot a month
- most common side effects were weight gain and stomach flu
Current treatments:
Old Generation Treatment
-chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
-fluphenazine (Prolixin)
-haloperidol (Haldol)
-loxapine (Loxapine)
-perphenazine (Trilafon)
-thioridazine (Mellaril)
-trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
-These drugs have become known as "neuroleptics" (meaning "take the neuron") although effective in treating positive symptoms (symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, loose associations, ambivalence, or emotional lability), they can cause cognitive dulling and involuntary movements, among other side effects. These older medications also are not so effective against so-called negative symptoms such as apathy, decreased motivation, and lack of emotional expressiveness.
New Generation Treatment
-clozapine (Clozaril)
-The first of the new generation, clozapine (Clozaril) is the only drug that has been shown to be effective where other antipsychotics have failed. It is less strongly linked with the side effects mentioned above, but it can produce other side effects, including weight gain, changes in blood sugar and cholesterol, and possible decrease in the number of infection-fighting white blood cells. Blood counts need to be monitored every week during the first six months of treatment and then every two weeks and eventually once a month indefinitely in order to catch this side effect early if it occurs.
Short Term Schizophrenia Drugs
-aripiprazole (Abilify)
-aripiprazole lauroxil (Aristada),
-asenapine (Saphris)
-rexpiprazole (Rexulti)
-cariprazine (Vraylar)
-lurasidone (Latuda)
-paliperidone(InvegaInvega Sustenna, Invega Trinza)
-paliperidone palmitate (Invega Trinza)
-quetiapine (Seroquel)
-risperidone (Risperdal or Risperdal Consta)
-olanzapine (Zyprexa)
-ziprasidone (Geodon).
-The use of all of these medications has allowed successful treatment to short term schizophrenia/acute schizophrenia.